Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) – Disease Index

What is human metapneumovirus (HMPV)?

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. First identified in 2001, evidence suggests it has been circulating for decades. HMPV is closely related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and primarily causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections. While it often circulates seasonally during winter and early spring, in South Africa, it has been detected all year round without a defined seasonal pattern.

HMPV, like many respiratory viruses is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets (coughs or sneezes) and close physical contact, such as in households, schools, or healthcare settings, making it highly contagious in crowded settings. Additionally, it can spread by coming into close contact with contaminated objects or surfaces followed by touching the eyes, nose, or mouth.